Como existem muitas definições deste termo, colocamos aqui as algumas definições originais em inglês com as referências correspondentes para os leitores da trilha avançada.

Esta página está associada à abordagem de Sistema Produto-Serviço (PSS).

Definições

“A marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling a user’s need. The PS system is provided by either a single company or by an alliance of companies. It can enclose products (or just one) plus additional services. It can enclose a service plus an additional product. And product and service can be equally important for the function fulfilment” (GOEDKOOP et al., 1999).

“A business innovation strategy offering a marketable mix of products and services jointly capable of fulfilling clients’ needs and/or wants – with higher added value and a smaller environmental impact as compared to an existing system or product” (Manzini et al., 2001).

“A system of products, services, supporting networks and infrastructure that is designed to be: competitive, satisfy customer needs and have a lower environmental impact than traditional business models” (MONT, 2002).

“A Product-Service System can be defined as the result of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing and selling physical products only, to selling a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands” (Manzini & Vezzoli, 2002).

“A pure product system is one in which all property rights are transferred from the product provider to the client on the point of sale [..]. A pure service system is one in which all property rights remain with the service provider, and the clients obtain no other right besides consuming the service. A product-service system is a mixture [..] of the above. It requires that property rights remain distributed between client and provider, requiring more or less interaction over the life time of the PSS” (Hockerts & Weaver, 2002)

“A product service system (PSS) can be defined as “an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing (and selling) physical products only, to designing (and selling) a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands” (Manzini & Vezzoli, 2003).

“A system consisting of tangible products and intangible services designed and combined so that they jointly are capable of fulfilling specific customer needs”(TUKKER, 2004). 

“Products and services which can simultaneously fulfil people’s needs and considerably reduce the use of materials and energy” (Halme et al., 2006).

“A social construction, based on “attraction forces” (such as goals, expected results and problem-solving criteria) which catalyse the participation of several partners. A PSS is a result of a value co-production process within such a partnership. Its effectiveness is based on a shared vision of possible and desirable scenarios” (Morelli, 2006).

“PSS consists of tangible products and intangible services designed and combined so that they are jointly capable of fulfilling needs of customer needs” (Tukker &Tischner, 2006). 

“The concept of a Product-Service System (PSS) is a special case of servitization. A PSS can be thought of as a market proposition that extends the traditional functionality of a product by incorporating additional services “(BAINES et al., 2007).

“An attempt to use existing industrial and commercial structures to create radically environmentally improved products by treating them as services” (Evans et al., 2007).

“Technical Product-Service System emphasises the physical product core enhanced and customised by a mainly nonphysical service shell the investment character of all PSS components, the relatively bigger importance of the physical core of PSS” (Azarenko et. al., 2009).

“A Product-Service System is an integrated product and service offering that delivers value in use” (Nelly, 2009).

“Industrial PSS can be defined as a systematic package in which intangible services are attached to tangible products to finish various industrial activities in the whole product life-cycle”(Jiang & Fu, 2009).

“An Industrial Product-Service System is characterized by the integrated and mutually determined planning, development, pro- vision and use of product and service shares including its immanent software components in Business-to-Business applications and represents a knowledge-intensive sociotechnical system” (Meier et al., 2010).

“PSS is defined as a solution for optimal resource operations in product life cycle through integrating tangible products with intangible services”(Zhu, 2011).

“Products and services are integrated and provided as whole set to fulfill customer’s requirements, and the product/service ratio can vary in different customer using contexts”(Geng & Chu, 2012).

“A Product-Service System (PSS) is an integrated bundle of products and service which aims at creating customer utility and generating value” (Boehm & Thomas, 2013)

“A product-service system (PSS) is an integrated combination of products and services for optimal consumption”(Centenera & Hasan, 2014).

“A PSS is a system composed of a physical product and associated services that support the product through-life” (McKay & Kundu, 2014).

“Smart PSS is a digital-enabled holistic solution, developed and supplied within an ecosystem, which provides economic and sustainable value to a main customer and complementary stakeholders, by integrating into a unique offer con-nected products together with data-driven services delivered all along the solution lifecycle, supported by physical and digital infrastructures” (Pirola et al., 2020).

Referências

Azarenko, A., Roy, R., Shehab, E., Tiwari, A., 2009. Technical product-service systems: some implications for the machine tool industry. J. Manuf. Technol. Manag. 20 (5), 700-722.

Baines, T.S., Lightfoot, H., Steve, E., Neely, A., Greenough, R., Peppard, J., Roy, R., Shehab, E., Braganza, A., Tiwari, A., Alcock, J., Angus, J., Bastl, M., Cousens, A., Irving, P., Johnson, M., Kingston, J., Lockett, H., Martinez, V., Michele, P., Tranfield, D., Walton, I., Wilson, H., 2007. State-of-the-art in product-service systems. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B J. Eng. Manuf. 221 (1), 1543-1552.

Boehm, M., Thomas, O., 2013. Looking beyond the rim of one’s teacup: a multidisciplinary literature review of product-service systems in information systems, business management, and engineering & design. J. Clean. Prod. 51, 245-260.

Centenera, J., Hasan, M., 2014. Sustainable product-service system. Int. Bus. Res. 7 (7).

Evans, S., Partidario, P.J., Lamberts, J., 2007. Industrialization as a key element of sustainable product-service solutions. Int. J. Prod. Res. 45 (18e19), 4225-4246.

Geng, X., Chu, X., 2012. A new importance-performance analysis approach for customer satisfaction evaluation supporting PSS design. Expert Sys. Appl. 39, 1492-1502.

GOEDKOOP, M.; VAN HALEN, C.; TE RIELE, H.; ROMMENS, P. Product service systems, ecological and economic basics. [s.l: s.n.], 1999. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02125.x.

Halme, M., Anttonen, M., Hrauda, G., Kortman, J., 2006. Sustainability evaluation of European household services. J. Clean. Prod. 14, 1529-1540.

Hockerts, K., Weaver, N., 2002. Are Service Systems Worth Our Interest? Assessing the Eco-efficiency of Sustainable Service Systems. Working Document INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France.

Jiang, P., Fu, Y., 2009. A new conceptual architecture to enable iPSS as a key for service-oriented manufacturing executive systems. Int. J. Internet Manuf. Serv. 2 (1), 30-42.

Manzini, E., Vezzoli, C., Clark, G., 2001. Product-Service Systems: using an existing concept as a new approach to sustainability. J. Des. Res. 1 (2).

Manzini, E., Vezzoli, C., 2002. Product-service-systems and Sustainability, Opportunities for Sustainable Solutions. Politecnico di Milano, UNEP, Paris.

Manzini, E., Vezzoli, C., 2003. A strategic design approach to develop sustainable product service systems: example taken from the ‘environmentally friendly innovation’ Italian prize. J. Clean. Prod. 11, 851-857.

Meier, H., Roy, R., Seliger, G., 2010. Industrial product-service system e IPS2. CIRP Ann. e Manuf. Technol. 59, 607-627.

McKay, A., Kundu, S., 2014. A representation scheme for digital product service system definitions. Adv. Eng. Inform. 28, 479-498.

MONT, O. K. Clarifying the concept of product-service system. Journal of Cleaner Production, [S. l.], v. 10, p. 237–245, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/S0959-6526(01)00039-7.

Morelli, N., 2006. Developing new product service systems (PSS): methodologies and operational tools. J. Clean. Prod. 14, 1495e1501.

Neely, A., 2009. Exploring the financial consequences of the servitization of manufacturing. Oper. Manag. Res. 1, 103-118.

Pirola, F., Boucher, X., Wiesner, S., & Pezzotta, G. (2020). Digital technologies in product-service systems: a literature review and a research agenda. Computers in Industry, 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103301

Tukker, A., 2004. Eight types of product-service system: eight ways to sustainability? Experience from SusProNet. Bus. Strategy Environ. 13, 246-260.

Tukker, A., Tischner, U., 2006. New Business for Old Europe. Product-service Development as a Means to Enhance Competitiveness and Eco-efficiency. Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield, UK.

Zhu, Q.Q., Jiang, P.Y., Huang, G.Q., Qu, T., 2011. Implementing an industrial product-service system for CNC machine tool. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 52, 1133-1147.